PRONOMBRES/PRONOUNS
Como su propio nombre indica, son palabras que suelen usarse para sustituir al nombre. Existen varios tipos de pronombres, todos ellos explicados en las distintas partes de esta sección (véase menú). Las clases de pronombres son:
- Pronombres Personales/Personal Pronouns
- Pronombres Relativos/ Relative Pronouns
- Pronombres Reflexivos/ Reflexive Pronouns
- Pronombres Posesivos/Possessive Pronouns
- Pronombres Interrogativos/Interrogative Pronouns
- Otros pronombres/Other Pronouns:
Recíprocos e Indefinidos/Reciprocals and Indefinite
VERBOS/VERBS
El verbo se refiere rotundamente a la acción realizada por el sustantivo. En inglés, un verbo típico puede ser modificado para la tercera persona del singular añadiendo una -s ( -es en el caso de las terminaciones vistas en el apartado «sustantivo»).
- He plays the piano. Él toca el piano.
- She bakes the bread. Ella hornea el pan.
Se modifica con -ing al final en el caso del presente continuo o en el caso de convertir el verbo en sustantivo.
- He is playing the piano. Él está tocando el piano.
- Playing the piano is fun. Tocar el piano es divertido.
Se modifica con -ed al final para su forma en pasado simple y su forma en participio pasado.
- He played the piano. Él tocó el piano.
- She baked the bread last night. Ella horneó el pan anoche.
Existen verbos en inglés, llamados verbos irregulares, en los que las formas de pasado simple yl participio conforman palabras distintas. (Ver lista de Verbos Irregulares). Nota: ver que en muchos de estos verbos las formas de pasado simple y participio son idénticas.
- I buy the newspaper every morning. Compro el periódico cada mañana.
- I bought the newspaper this morning. Compré el periódico esta mañana.
- I have bought the newspape three times this week. He comprado el periódico tres veces esta semana.
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVO | PASADO SIMPLE | PARTICIPIO PASADO | TRADUCCIÓN |
Arise | Arose | Arisen | Surgir, Levantarse |
Awake | Awoke | Awoken | Despertarse |
Be/ am, are, is | Was / Were | Been | Ser / Estar |
Bear | Bore | Borne / Born | Soportar, dar a luz |
Beat | Beat | Beaten | Golpear |
Become | Became | Become | Llegar a Ser |
Begin | Began | Begun | Empezar |
Bend | Bent | Bent | Doblar |
Bet | Bet | Bet | Apostar |
Bind | Bound | Bound | Atar, encuadernar |
Bid | Bid | Bid | Pujar |
Bite | Bit | Bitten | Morder |
Bleed | Bled | Bled | Sangrar |
Blow | Blew | Blown | Soplar |
Break | Broke | Broken | Romper |
Breed | Bred | Bred | Criar |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Traer Llevar |
Broadcast | Broadcast | Broadcast | Radiar |
Build | Built | Built | Edificar |
Burn | Burnt /Burned | Burnt / Burned | Quemar |
Burst | Burst | Burst | Reventar |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Comprar |
Cast | Cast | Cast | Arrojar |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Coger |
Come | Came | Come | Venir |
Cost | Cost | Cost | Costar |
Cut | Cut | Cut | Cortar |
Choose | Chose | Chosen | Elegir |
Cling | Clung | Clung | Agarrarse |
Creep | Crept | Crept | Arrastrarse |
Deal | Dealt | Dealt | Tratar |
Dig | Dug | Dug | Cavar |
Do (Does) | Did | Done | Hacer |
Draw | Drew | Drawn | Dibujar |
Dream | Dreamt / Dreamed | Dreamt / Dreamed | Soñar |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Beber |
Drive | Drove | Driven | Conducir |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | Comer |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Caer |
Feed | Fed | Fed | Alimentar |
Feel | Felt | Felt | Sentir |
Fight | Fought | Fought | Luchar |
Find | Found | Found | Encontrar |
Flee | Fled | Fled | Huir |
Fly | Flew | Flown | Volar |
Forbid | Forbade | Forbidden | Prohibir |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Olvidar |
Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | Perdonar |
Freeze | Froze | Frozen | Helar |
Get | Got | Got / Gotten | Obtener |
Give | Gave | Given | Dar |
Go (Goes) | Went | Gone | Ir |
Grow | Grew | Grown | Crecer |
Grind | Ground | Ground | Moler |
Hang | Hung | Hung | Colgar |
Have | Had | Had | Haber o Tener |
Hear | Heard | Heard | Oir |
Hide | Hid | Hidden | Ocultar |
Hit | Hit | Hit | Golpear |
Hold | Held | Held | Agarrar Celebrar |
Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Herir |
Keep | Kept | Kept | Conservar |
Know | Knew | Known | Saber Conocer |
Kneel | Knelt | Knelt | Arrodillarse |
Knit | Knit | Knit | Hacer punto |
Lay | Laid | Laid | Poner |
Lead | Led | Led | Conducir |
Lean | Leant | Leant | Apoyarse |
Leap | Leapt | Leapt | Brincar |
Learn | Learnt / Learned | Learnt / Learned | Aprender |
Leave | Left | Left | Dejar |
Lend | Lent | Lent | Prestar |
Let | Let | Let | Permitir |
Lie | Lay | Lain | Echarse |
Light | Lit | Lit | Encender |
Lose | Lost | Lost | Perder |
Make | Made | Made | Hacer |
Mean | Meant | Meant | Significar |
Meet | Met | Met | Encontrar |
Mistake | Mistook | Mistaken | Equivocar |
Overcome | Overcame | Overcome | Vencer |
Pay | Paid | Paid | Pagar |
Put | Put | Put | Poner |
Read | Read | Read | Leer |
Ride | Rode | Ridden | Montar |
Ring | Rang | Rung | Llamar |
Rise | Rose | Risen | Levantarse |
Run | Ran | Run | Correr |
Say | Said | Said | Decir |
See | Saw | Seen | Ver |
Seek | Sought | Sought | Buscar |
Sell | Sold | Sold | Vender |
Send | Sent | Sent | Enviar |
Set | Set | Set | Poner(se) |
Sew | Sewed | Sewed / Sewn | Coser |
Shake | Shook | Shaken | Sacudir |
Shear | Shore | Shorn | Esquilar |
Shine | Shone | Shone | Brillar |
Shoot | Shot | Shot | Disparar |
Show | Showed | Shown | Mostrar |
Shrink | Shrank | Shrunk | Encogerse |
Shut | Shut | Shut | Cerrar |
Sing | Sang | Sung | Cantar |
Sink | Sank | Sunk | Hundir |
Sit | Sat | Sat | Sentarse |
Sleep | Slept | Slept | Dormir |
Slide | Slid | Slid | Resbalar |
Smell | Smelt | Smelt | Oler |
Sow | Sowed | Sowed / Sown | Sembrar |
Speak | Spoke | Spoken | Hablar |
Speed | Sped | Sped | Acelerar |
Spell | Spelt | Spelt | Deletrear |
Spend | Spent | Spent | Gastar |
Spill | Spilt / Spilled | Spilt / Spilled | Derramar |
Spin | Spun | Spun | Hilar |
Spit | Spat | Spat | Escupir |
Split | Split | Split | Hender / partir / rajar |
Spoil | Spoilt / Spoiled | Spoilt / Spoiled | Estropear |
Spread | Spread | Spread | Extender |
Spring | Sprang | Sprung | Saltar |
Stand | Stood | Stood | Estar en pie |
Steal | Stole | Stolen | Robar |
Stick | Stuck | Stuck | Pegar Engomar |
Sting | Stung | Stung | Picar |
Stink | Stank/Stunk | Stunk | Apestar |
Stride | Strode | Stridden | Dar zancadas |
Strike | Struck | Struck | Golpear |
Swear | Swore | Sworn | Jurar |
Sweat | Sweat | Sweat | Sudar |
Sweep | Swept | Swept | Barrer |
Swell | Swelled | Swollen | Hinchar |
Swim | Swam | Swum | Nadar |
Swing | Swung | Swung | Columpiarse |
Take | Took | Taken | Coger |
Teach | Taught | Taught | Enseñar |
Tear | Tore | Torn | Rasgar |
Tell | Told | Told | Decir |
Think | Thought | Thought | Pensar |
Throw | Threw | Thrown | Arrojar Tirar |
Thrust | Thrust | Thrust | Introducir |
Tread | Trod | Trodden | Pisar, hollar |
Understand | Understood | Understood | Entender |
Undergo | Underwent | Undergone | Sufrir |
Undertake | Undertook | Undertaken | Emprender |
Wake | Woke | Woken | Despertarse |
Wear | Wore | Worn | Llevar puesto |
Weave | Wove | Woven | Tejer |
Weep | Wept | Wept | Llorar |
Wet | Wet | Wet | Mojar |
Win | Won | Won | Ganar |
Wind | Wound | Wound | Enrollar |
Withdraw | Withdrew | Withdrawn | Retirarse |
Wring | Wrung | Wrung | Torcer |
Write | Wrote | Written | Escribir |